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Fityk raman deconvolution5/27/2023 Owing to the variability of these processes, soot composition is given by a mix of graphitic carbon (or elemental carbon-EC), amorphous carbon, graphenes, and other organic compounds, such as hydrocarbons, aromatics, alkanes, fullerenes, and polyenes (Sadezky et al. Citation2004)-is usually defined as the product of incomplete combustion of organic matter (e.g., vehicular traffic, heating systems, industries, fossil-fueled power plants, incinerators), although it can also be generated by combustion of biomasses or woods and, in domestic ambients, by cooking. Soot-sometimes referred to as “black carbon” (BC) because of its optical properties (Mertes et al. Citation2003), that are responsible of oxidative stress on biological systems (Sørensen et al. Citation2006), and organic compounds (Sakurai et al. Besides, the observed effects on the health are also correlated to the soot properties and composition, in particular to the presence of trace metals (Lee et al. Therefore, due to its high content in the fine fraction and the ability to penetrate deeper in the lungs, soot particles are likely one of the most toxic components of ambient aerosol (Zerbi et al. Citation2005 Englert Citation2005), and similar results are also shown by toxicological studies (Gualtieri et al. Several authors have pointed out that the inhalation of particulate matter (PM) can cause acute and chronic toxicological effects, such as respiratory inflammations or lung disease on exposed people (Brunekreef and Forseberg Citation2005 Davidson et al. Soot is widely regarded as one of the most important air pollutants because of its occurrence in all urban areas and its impact on the environment, climate, and human health. These results add useful information and characterization of the soot, a relevant component of the ambient air, and its different features with respect to the urban or rural–suburban areas.Ĭopyright 2014 American Association for Aerosol Research A similar aspect emerges for the pure black carbon particles, mainly crystalline, and the black carbon particles associated with minerals, generally disordered. The population of soot collected at the urban site, where the vehicular emission component prevails, exhibits mostly crystalline characteristics (with a D1 FWHM of 150–155 cm −1), whereas the population collected at the rural–suburban site, particularly the coarse fraction, shows a prevailing amorphous nature (with a D1 FWHM of ∼175 cm −1). Statistical analysis of the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) values of the bands, as well as of their intensity ratio, revealed the presence of two classes of soot particles that can be ascribed to a different degree of crystallinity. A careful examination of the spectral bands, performed with a five-(Voigt) curve deconvolution model previously described by the literature and here adapted to the purpose, lead to the characterization of the graphitic and carbonaceous material plus the identification of the mineral particles associated with it. Results of Raman peak deconvolution showed structure ordering evolution with pyrolysis temperature and evidenced the contribution of mineral constituents to the Raman signals.Airborne particulate matter samples were collected in an urban and a rural–suburban monitoring stations of the city of Rome, Italy, and the particles were analyzed through the Raman microspectroscopy. Peak deconvolution was also carried out for Raman data of the samples with/without consideration of mineral constituents (aluminosilicates). Peak deconvolution was conducted for the (002) peak of X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns from the acid-washed samples, which provided information on structural parameters of the carbon stacking structure and the temperature-dependent structure evolution of sewage sludge biochar. The elemental compositions of major inorganics in the sewage sludge were detected by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF, S2-Ranger, Bruker).The images from scanning electron microscope (SEM) were compared between unwashed and acid-washed samples, and revealed the effect of acid washing on the surface morphology and porosity of sewage sludge and the biochar. This dataset is the supplementary data for the summited research article Li et al., 2017 and provides detailed data profiles to support the explication about mineral constituents’ effect on temperature-dependent structural characterization of carbon fractions in sewage sludge-derived biochar.
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